Proven Practices and Emerging Technologies to Achieve Real Results
Author:
Anita Rosen
ISBN:
9780814410738
Publication Date:
07/01/2009
Format:
Hardback
Price:
$29.95
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Overview
A fool-proof guide to the good, the bad, and the ugly about e-learning
and how to make it work for any company.
When executed well, e-learning is a powerful way for organizations to
save money while providing the kind of up-to-date training and
information that will help employees perform better and more
efficiently. Unfortunately, all too often, companies are finding that
they're spending a huge amount of money for less return than they had
hoped. In e-Learning 2.0 , Anita Rosen explains what works and
what doesn't, offering businesses a best-practices guide for making
their investment pay off. Using examples of successful companies like
National SemiConductor, Telefonica, and the Texas Department of
Transportation who have made the most of e-learning, Rosen shows
companies how to:
define an e-learning strategy • identify the best technologies and
processes to effectively implement an e-learning strategy • manage
large, complicated, or new e-learning initiatives • get buy-in from
trainers, managers and learners • measure and evaluate training •
calculate an ROI
Complete with up-to-date information on the latest technologies,
including Web 2.0, this book will help businesses improve their
performance without breaking the bank.
About the Author
Anita Rosen (Mountain View, CA) is a successful trainer and speaker on
Internet-related topics.
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Press Release
HEADLINE:e-Learning 2.0:HEADLINE
New AMACOM Book Offers Readers a Fool-Proof Guide To The Good, The
Bad, and The Ugly About E-Learning and How To Make It Work for Any
Company
For more than a decade, e-learning has been hailed as the next big thing
in training. According to a recent study conducted by the Chartered
Institute of Personnel and Development Learning, between 25-50 percent
of all employee training will soon be delivered remotely. When done
well, e-learning is a powerful way for organizations to save money while
providing the kind of up-to-date training and information that will help
employees perform better and more efficiently. Unfortunately, all too
often companies have spent an enormous amount of money creating several
different projects—but they have not gotten what they expected out of
their investment in this emerging technology.
Anita Rosen has spent the last ten years working with hundred of
organizations that are incorporating e-learning into their business
practices. In E-LEARNING 2.0: Proven Practices and Emerging
Technologies to Achieve Real Results (AMACOM 2009), she explains
what works and what doesn't, offering businesses a best-practices guide
for making their investment pay off. As she observes in her new book,
"Many organizations initially look at moving training on-line to cut
travel costs, to ease trainer schedules, or to provide training where it
has not been available in the past. However, Web-based training is based
on a different model than classroom training. A real benefit of moving
training to an intranet/Internet model is that it provides an
organization with availability and repetition.?
Using examples of successful companies like National SemiConductor,
Telefonica, and the Texas Department of Transportation who have made the
most of e-learning, Rosen shows companies how to:
• Get buy-in from trainers, employees, and subject matter experts
• Better integrate training needs with business direction
• Evaluate training initiatives
• Evaluate new and emerging technologies to see if they will power their
initiative
• Gauge current courses to see if they are effective
• Add new technologies to provide better learning
• Understand what vendors are talking about so that they can make the
best technology decision
Rosen even includes information on the integrating the latest
technology, such as RSS, podcasts, and other Web 2.0 tools, effectively
into the e-learning programs. Concise and easy-to-follow, E-LEARNING
2.0 will provide the reader with a clear vision of how to accomplish
learning objectives and train more effectively.
About the Author:
Anita Rosen is a successful trainer, author, and speaker. She has
appeared as a guest speaker on many business radio programs, and has
been keynote speaker for a number of conferences. Rosen brings over 20
years of management experience in high tech marketing, project
management, and sales. Currently she is President of ReadyGo Inc. She
lives in Mountainview, California.
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Cover Copy
When executed well, e-learning is a powerful way for organizations to
save money while providing the up-to-date training and information that
will help employees perform better and more efficiently. Unfortunately,
all too often, companies are finding that they're spending a huge amount
of money for less return than they had hoped.
Anita Rosen has worked with a number of companies assisting them to
inte?grate cur?rent business goals and objectives into a successful
Internet strategy. In e-Learning 2.0, she explains what works and what
doesn't, offering businesses a best practices guide for making their
investment pay off. This book covers the subjects most crucial for your
company's well being, such as how to get a bigger bang for your
e-learning dollar, how to properly integrate new technologies into your
existing initiative, how to evaluate what you are currently doing, and
provide leadership and direction for future projects.
Using examples of successful companies like National SemiConductor,
Telefonica, and the Texas Department of Transportation, which have made
the most of e-learning, Rosen shows companies how to:
• Define an e-learning strategy.
• Identify the best technologies and processes to effectively implement
an e-learning strategy.
• Manage large, complicated, or new e-learn?ing initiatives.
• Get buy-in from trainers, managers, and learners.
• Measure and evaluate training.
• Calculate an ROI.
Complete with up-to-date information on the latest technologies,
including Web 2.0, this book will help businesses improve their
performance without breaking the bank.
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Jacket Copy
Over the past few years, e-learning has taken the world of adult
education by storm. It is now estimated that more than 3 million adults
took at least one online course last year, and training managers in the
field predict that e-learning will soon account for up to half of the
training methods of most organizations. Despite its increasing
popularity, professionals in the training-and-development field are
still trying to figure out how to make e-learning really work. The one
thing most companies do know is that they've spent a lot of money on it,
but they're not getting what they expected from their investment. How
can you ensure that you—and your people—are getting the most out of this
potentially valuable tool? Just throwing the newest or easiest
technology at the issue does not effectively train people or provide
good return on investment.? What businesses really
need is a best-practices guide that tells them what is working—and how
to make sure the money invested pays.
?
As a consultant, Anita Rosen has worked with many companies, assisting
them to integrate current business goals and objectives into a
successful Internet strategy. In e-Learning 2.0, she discusses the
current state of e-learning, and identifies what is productive and
what's not. She reveals sound e-learning principles—brought to life
through examples and illuminating real-world case studies, highlighting
how trainers can move from classroom to web delivery. Here, Rosen
focuses on what you really want to know, like the hottest trends in the
marketplace, what other companies are doing, and how are they doing it
successfully. This book provides a compact, easy-to-digest discussion of
the successes (and failures) in the field, and also explains the most
recent developments in technology.? e-Learning 2.0
provides invaluable advice on how to:
?
•?????????? Better
communicate with management.
•?????????? Present
your initiative to get funding and approval.
•?????????? Evaluate
new and emerging technologies to see if they will power your initiative.
•?????????? Evaluate
current courses to see if they are effective.
•?????????? Add
new technologies to provide better learning.
•?????????? Understand
what vendors are talking about so that you make the best tech?nol?o?gy
decision.
•?????????? Better
integrate training needs with business direction.
•?????????? Evaluate
training initiatives.
?
Complete with the latest trends in Web 2.0 and the latest information on
graphics and multi-media, as well as various types of e-learning, this
is the one book that will help you develop a clearer vision, more
focused goals, and a better way to measure your learning objectives.
Anita Rosen is a successful trainer, author, and speaker. She has
appeared as a guest speaker on many business radio programs, and has
been a keynote speaker for a number of conferences. Rosen brings more
than? 20 years of management experience in high-tech
marketing, project management, and sales. Currently, she is President of
ReadyGo, Inc. She lives in Mountain View, California.
Back to Top
Excerpt
Chapter 1.0
The Business Calculations and
Business Objectives of e-Learning
For more than a decade, e-learning has been touted as the next big
thing in training. Yet most organizations are still trying to figure out
how
to make it work. Perhaps part of the problem is that e-learning is a type
of training or learning in which instructors and students interact at
different
times and in different spaces, with technology bridging the timespace
gap and allowing learners to access training at their own pace
and with methods that are convenient for them. A lot of companies
have spent a lot of money creating a lot of projects—but they have not
gotten what they thought they would get out of their investment in this
still new technology.
Meanwhile, corporate training organizations are looking for better
returns
than they are currently receiving from their e-learning investment.
While department-level personnel wait for executives to provide vision
and goals, executives want trainers to develop a business plan to
move training into the twenty-first century. Along the way, corporations
spend billions of dollars on solutions selected on an ambiguous direction
that is provided primarily by product vendors. Specifically, corporations
decide on an initiative to move to a new technology or methodology
without understanding its implications for workers or without being able
to measure the effectiveness of its implementation. When employees
choose solutions, they tend to solve only their short-term needs—like,
"How do I get this deliverable off of my desk?? What organizations need
are clear visions, focused goals, and a better way to measure their
learning
objectives.
By the end of this chapter, you should be able to:
• Understand the goal of training.
• Review sample ROI calculations.
• Understand how to measure and evaluate training.
• Identify your audience.
• Understand the biggest mistakes in top-down commands and
bottom-up implementations.
• Understand communication within an organization.
• Learn how to get buy-in from trainers, employees, and SMEs.
• Understand where e-learning fits in.
1.1 The Goal of Training
This book takes a realistic and pragmatic look at e-learning. Over the
last ten years, having worked with hundreds of organizations that are
incorporating e-learning into their business practices, I have found
that most training organizations have failed to achieve the expected
returns on investment. I have seen department-level personnel waiting
for their executives to provide vision and goals, while their executives,
who have no practical experience with training, expect the
trainers to develop a business plan to modernize the organization's
training. This gap in expectations is fertile ground for vendors to
dictate solutions, tactics, and strategies, which tend to benefit the
product providers much more than their customers. Executive-level
personnel go along with the vendor-provided solutions because they
can present such solutions as "progress? to management, and contributor-
level employees are happy just to get the tasks completed so
that their managers stop asking about them. This cozy arrangement
leaves employee training and productivity enhancement as an afterthought
on the priority list. This book speaks to this current state of
e-learning practices, identifying what is effective and what is
counterproductive,
and my theories and recommendations are illustrated by
real-world case studies.
The irony of this commonplace approach to e-learning is that
providing training over the Web, rather than as classroom training,
creates more opportunities than people initially think. Many
organizations
initially look at moving training on-line to cut travel costs, to
ease trainer schedules, or to provide training where it has not been
available in the past. However,Web-based training is based on a different
model than classroom training. A real benefit of moving training
to an intranet/Internet-delivered model is that it provides an
organization with availability and repetition.
• The always-on availability of the intranet/Internet subtly
changes training. What was once a one-time training event
can now be a corporate resource. Once implemented,
e-learning provides homogeneous training, which is the
same training, on the same day, for all employees.
• From a learning retention point-of-view, an on-line training
event does not need to achieve as high a level of knowledge
retention as classroom training because e-learning can be
accessed at any time as a just-in-time resource. An effective
e-learning model supports just-in-time training so that employees
can refresh their memory when they need to carry
out a procedure or when they run into an unexpected situation.
With e-learning, employees can search a key word and
access a course unit instead of simply having to remember
each unit's content from top to bottom. In effect, employees
learn how to find and access the information they need. Before
the Internet, with its inherently easy access to corporate
repositories of information, employees found that the hard
part of performing their jobs was finding where the procedures
were spelled out. The benefit of using e-courses over
other methods of providing information, such as wikis or
on-line Word or PowerPoint documents, is that e-learning,
when developed properly, explains concepts and presents
the same information multiple ways, making it easier for
employees to understand new information or to follow new
procedures.
E-learning also enables organizations to tailor their training to meet
their specific goals. In a manufacturing organization, for example,
the goal is to ensure that each employee is efficient at the handful
of tasks he or she performs. In a service organization, the goal is to
increase productivity by ensuring that employees are knowledgeable
about organizational offerings and that they provide a consistent
experience. Managers undergo training to be able to properly
handle relationships and manage unexpected situations within the
confines of the organization's culture. Training and, by extension,
e-learning provide management with a tool to create a more flexible
workforce. Employees can be trained to become intelligent
workers who know where to find information rather than to simply
memorize procedures.
Of course, all these benefits cost money, but the return on investment
is there if you know how to calculate it.
1.2 A Simple Example of Return-on-Investment (ROI)
Calculations
E-learning is relatively new to most organizations. With any new
technology, service, or change in business practices, management
wants to quantify the cost and savings. Most organizations look at
return on investment (ROI) as the first step in justifying the cost of
a new service.
The ROI calculation for e-learning tends to be very simple. In
most situations an e-learning course replaces classroom training or
training workbooks. The ROI calculation identifies the current
cost to create and roll out a classroom course and compares it with
the cost of creating an e-learning course and purchasing e-learning
infrastructure.
For example, the Division of Development and Training in the
Bureau of Human Resources is the organization in the Commonwealth
of Pennsylvania Department of Labor and Industry
that is responsible for managing compliance training and benefits
for all 6,000 agency employees. Employees must receive training
on a variety of mandated topics, including the State Employees Assistance
Program, HIV/AIDS, bomb threats, and the like. Originally,
all of this training was classroom based, delivered throughout
the state for agency employees at various county, regional, and
other local facilities. With tight travel budgets, the Commonwealth
of Pennsylvania was looking for alternative ways to deliver
training.
The Development and Training Division believed that migrating
some of their courses to e-learning would lower training
costs while providing agency employees with effective just-in-time
training. They looked at their records and identified that, on average,
the cost to roll out one training course was $85,000. This
total took into account all the costs for travel, room, material, and
food for both trainers and students. Having decided that not all
courses were going to go on-line, they figured out how many
courses they would convert to e-learning. For example, if they
rolled out five classroom courses in a year, the real cost would be
$425,000. If these courses were moved to an e-learning infrastructure,
the cost would be about $200,000 for the year. Their
savings for the year would be $425,000 - $200,000 = $225,000);
their return on investment would be $225,000 + $200,000 =
1.125, or 11.25%.
However, cost varies. Some organizations find that they need
large, centralized databases to handle their training needs, whereas
other organizations find that simpler solutions meet their needs.
The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania went with a simple solution:
With ReadyGo WCB and ReadyGo SST, for an outlay of $2,500,
they saved their department over $400,000 in training costs.
Excerpted from e-Learning 2.0: ?
Proven Practices and Emerging
Technologies to Achieve Results
by Anita Rosen . Copyright © 2009 Anita
Rosen. Published by AMACOM Books, a division of American Management
Association, New York, NY. Used with permission.
All rights reserved.
http://www.amacombooks.org.
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Table of Contents
Contents
CHAPTER 1.0: The Business Calculations and Business Objectives of
e-Learning 1
1.1 The Goal of Training 2
1.2 A Simple Example of Return-on-Investment (ROI) Calculations 4
1.3 How to Measure and Evaluate Training 6
Return on Investment 6
Setting the Goals to Reap the Rewards 6
1.4 Identifying Your Audience 9
Identify Learning Demographics 10
Identify the Learner Experience 12
1.5 Biggest Mistakes in Top-Down "Command? (CS) and
Bottom-Up Implementations 12
Top-Down Mistakes 13
Case Study: Texas Department of Transportation 14
Bottom-Up Mistakes 15
1.6 Communications Within an Organization 17
1.7 Getting Buy-In from Trainers, Employees, and Subject Matter Experts
18
Case Study: National Semiconductor Corporation 19
1.8 Where e-Learning Fits In 22
Case Study: Hospital Liaison Committee of Jehovah's Witnesses in
Leicester, United Kingdom 22
1.9 Checklist 23
CHAPTER 2.0: e-Learning Strategies 27
2.1 Five Stages of Adopting New Technologies 28
Stage 1: Denial 29
Stage 2: Outsourcing 29
Stage 3: PowerPoint 31
Stage 4: Execution 31
Stage 5: Integration 32
2.2 Five Developmental Stages of Web Sites 32
Denial 33
Outsourcing 33
PowerPoint 34
Execution 35
Integration 35
2.3 Five Developmental Stages of Web Courses 36
Denial 36
Outsourcing 37
PowerPoint 38
Execution 39
Integration 39
2.4 Fundamentals of Creating on the Web 40
A Simple and Clean User Interface: Less Is More 40
Access to Any Information Within Three Clicks 41
Support of Global and Local Navigation 41
No Bermuda Triangles 42
A Sticky or Ping-Pong Web Site 42
Rapid and Viewable Downloads 42
The Ability to Work on Any Screen and Browser 44
A "Look and Feel?: "Branding? in Web Page Layout
and Design 45
2.5 The Characteristics of Good e-Learning 46
Simple and Clean User Interface 46
Access to Any Information Within Three Clicks 46
Support of Global and Local Navigation 49
No Bermuda Triangles 51
Sticky or a Ping-Pong Web Site 51
Rapid Downloads 52
The Ability to Work on Any Screen and Browser 52
A "Look and Feel?: "Branding? in Web Page Layout
and Design 53
2.6 Current State of Web Courses 53
Trainers' Reluctance to Change 54
The Need for Feedback and Communication 54
Creator-Centric Solutions 55
False Starts 56
2.7 Checklist 57
CHAPTER 3.0: Types of e-Learning 59
3.1 Types of e-Learning 60
Synchronous Training 60
Asynchronous Training 60
A Comparison of Synchronous and Asynchronous Training 61
Who Benefits from Synchronous and Asynchronous Training 62
3.2 Creating Effective Synchronous e-Learning 64
Personal Skills Needed 64
Tools Needed 65
Difficulties to Overcome 66
3.3 Rapid and Traditional Asynchronous e-Learning 67
Rapid e-Learning 68
Traditional e-Learning 68
3.4 Projects That Are Best Suited for Traditional e-Learning 69
3.5 Projects That Are Best Suited for Rapid e-Learning 70
Content Best Suited for Rapid e-Learning: 72
3.6 Development Needs of Traditional Versus Rapid e-Learning Projects 74
Traditional e-Learning Needs 74
Rapid e-Learning Needs 75
3.7 What Traditional and Rapid e-Courses Look Like 79
The Traditional Course Look 80
The Rapid Course Look 82
3.8 Tools 82
Traditional e-Learning Tools 85
Rapid e-Learning Tools 86
Graphic and Simulation Tools 86
Synchronous e-Learning Tools 87
3.9 Checklist 87
CHAPTER 4.0: Web 2.0 91
4.1 The Basics of Web 2.0 92
4.2 Application Services 93
4.3 The Long Tail 96
4.4 Mashups 98
4.5 Enlisting End Users to Add Value 98
4.6 "Intel Inside? 100
4.7 Providing Services Above the Level of a
Single Device 102
Scalability 102
Format Specifications 103
Browsers 104
Viewing Devices 105
4.8 Social Networking 106
Networking in the Business World 107
Networking Among Adults 107
Wikis 108
4.9 Checklist 109
CHAPTER 5.0: Web 2.0 Technologies 111
5.1 Web 2.0 Technologies 112
5.2 Rich Site Summary (RSS) 112
5.3 Podcasts 114
5.4 Web Techniques 116
5.5 HyperText Markup Language (HTML) and Extensible Markup Language
(XML) 119
HyperText Markup Language (HTML) 119
Extensible Markup Language (XML) 120
5.6 Web 3.0 123
CHAPTER 6.0: Web 2.0 Trends for e-Learning 125
6.1 Web Trends and e-Learning 2.0 126
Case Study: Knowledge Pills 126
6.2 Application Services 129
6.3 The Long Tail 129
Case Study: Devereux 131
6.4 Harnessing End Users to Add Value 132
6.5 Microcontent 133
6.6 Providing e-Learning Services Beyond the PC 134
When to Use Smartphones for e-Learning 135
Smartphone Limitations 136
Smartphone Screen Limitations 137
Formatting for the Smartphone 138
Testing on the Smartphone 138
Smartphone Connections and Operating Systems 139
Authoring for Smartphone e-Learning 141
Case Study: Granville Stephens 142
6.7 The "Intel Inside? Approach 143
6.8 New Technologies 144
6.9 What a 2.0 Course Looks Like 145
6.10 Checklist 146
CHAPTER 7.0: Components of an Effective Course 147
7.1 Length of a Course 148
7.2 Layout and Course Organization 149
Level 1: Course 150
Level 2: Chapters 150
Level 3: Pages 152
Level 4: Subpages 154
7.2 Presentation Options for Content Pages 156
Tours 156
Step-by-Step 156
Self-Assessment 157
Simulations 158
7.3 Why Test Learners? 159
7.4 Certification Testing 161
7.5 Tips for Writing Test Questions 162
Test-Taking Tactics 162
Test-Taking Tools 163
Storing Answers 163
Types of Questions 163
7.6 Checklist 164
Chapter 8.0: Graphics and Multimedia 167
8.1 Computer Graphics 168
8.2 Web Graphic Formats 168
GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) 169
PNG (Portable Network Graphics) 169
JPEG or JPG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) 170
8.3 Choosing File Formats for Web Graphics 170
Web Requirements 170
Downsizing Images 170
Digital Photographs 171
Stock Photographs 172
8.4 Basics of Copyright Law 173
8.5 Guidelines for Employing Graphics 174
8.6 Audio for Web Courses 177
8.7 Multimedia Recommendations 179
Videos 179
Case Study: Highline Public Schools 180
Flying Bullets 181
PowerPoint to Flash 181
8.8 Checklist 182
CHAPTER 9.0: Standards and Integration 183
9.1 What You Need to Know About Standards and Integration 184
9.2 Aviation Industry Computer-Based Training Committee (AICC): A
Practical Definition 185
Course Server Communication 185
Course Structure Definition 185
9.3 Sharable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM): A Practical
Definition 186
SCORM V 1.2 187
SCORM 2004 188
9.4 Sharable Content Object (SCO) 189
SCO Definitions and Design Limitations 190
9.5 Sharable and Reusable Content 190
Information Access Versus Course Creation 191
LMS Compatibility 192
The Fallacy of All-Purpose LMSs 193
9.6 The Behavior of e-Learning Courses 194
Selecting an LMS and Authoring Tool 194
9.7 Questions to Ask 196
9.8 The Meaning of Accessibility 198
Ensuring That Your Tools Meet Accessibility Requirements 199
Case Study: Blair & Associates 200
Screen Readers 201
9.9 Checklist 202
CHAPTER 10.0: Conclusion: LMS/Tools with Good Implementation 205
CHAPTER 11.0: Resources 209
APPENDIX: Author Guide 211
Guidelines for Creating an Effective Web Course 211
Using Learning Objectives 212
Main Page 213
Chapter Title Pages 214
Bullet Pages 215
Tests 217
Glossary 218
Sample Course Content 218
Glossary 223
Index 227
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